executing the death penalty essays

executing capital punishment articles The execution of the death penalty in the United States today has become a sometimes utilized intends to dissuade wrongdoing. Capital punishment was built up so as to rebuff the individuals who are blameworthy and to demoralize the individuals who mull over perpetrating intolerable violations from doing as such. Society has withdrew from its steady position on capital punishment since being bombarded with publicity that says the death penalty is remorseless and bizarre. A large portion of the wrongdoings submitted by the individuals who face execution can be recorded as either savage or surprising, however. Through examining the viability of prevention, the ineffectualness of life sentences, and the ethical quality of the death penalty, the criticalness of capital punishment can be appeared. Prevention alludes to the recommendation that executing killers will diminish the pace of crimes by causing potential killers not to perpetrate murder inspired by a paranoid fear of being executed themselves. The dread of discipline is sufficient to deter numerous individuals from taking outrageous activities. Since 1990, Harris County, a solitary region in Texas has had a bigger number of executions than some other region in any state in the United States, as indicated by David Bragdon, a Government/Pre-law major from North Carolina. During the period somewhere in the range of 1990 and 1995, Harris County has had a forty-eight percent drop in wrongdoing, the best lessening in the United States. In Harris County, the most elevated manslaughter rate was in 1981, one year before capital punishment was reestablished in Texas. This legitimately shows the execution of capital punishment corresponds with a drop in the crime rate(Guernsey,9). Prevention is viable when appropriately set up as a regular occurrence. Numerous individuals have contended that the expense of executing a detainee is higher than keeping him imprisoned forever. The yearly expense of imprisonment is $40,000 to $50,000 every year for detainees who are serving life terms without parole(Wekesser,2). Executing a detainee is substantially more expense ... <!

Elements Of Dance :: essays research papers

In the wake of perusing the present about inborn moves and services, I took in a great deal of fascinating things I never knew. I surmise the way that I haven’t taken a move class ever previously and wasn’t trained a lot about move in language structure school or secondary school, I was uninformed to how significant and how persuasive ceremonial moves are inside a general public.      Dancing is a movement that can be dated as far back as the Stone Age, when individuals originally existed on this planet. Not just that, ceremonial moves can be found in pretty much every culture today. In certain zones of the world, moving is a lifestyle. It very well may be utilized for an assortment of reasons, for example, Fertility ceremonies, Initiation customs, Rituals of the Hunt and Animals, Healing and memorial service ceremonies, and War and Weapon ceremonies.      Rituals are customary bunches of activities. They are performed generally to cast otherworldly spells and to impact divine beings and spirits. Ceremonies are additionally passed down from age to age.      The custom move that my gathering performed last Tuesday in class was titled War and Peace. It began savage with a serious battle scene and finished with everybody being breathed life into back and meeting up with the linkage our hands, speaking to harmony. With everything going on the planet at the present time, we thought it was a proper custom move to do in light of the fact that the purpose of it was to show how we should not kill one another. We should meet up, make sense of our disparities and make harmony. This custom would be viewed as a particular ceremony, which has a particular one-time reason. The reason clearly being the finish of the fear based oppression that’s going on and the anticipation of a war.      The other kind of custom the freebee discusses is a repetitive. A patterned is rehashed every year or season. A case of this would be a downpour move that a clan may do during a dry season when their harvests need water. I couldn't help suspecting that the other two ceremonial moves did in class were most likely cyclicals. They appeared as if they were moves that could be utilized again and again instead of our custom that made some one-memories reason.      Another intriguing actuality I discovered while perusing was the manner by which sound assumes such a pivotal job in a custom move. It said that the drummer is the principle music creator, and it is imagined that the divine beings are addressed, through drums.

Influence of “family” in Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein” Essay

Family in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein shows a bunch of jobs, affecting Victor Frankenstein and his creation. Victor’s youth sets up an association between the peruser and Victor, assembling his character. The beast is affected by the different scenes with the group of cottagers The relating of Victor’s youth combine the peruser to Victor, passing on his warmth for his family. â€Å"No individual could have passed a more joyful youth than myself†¦it was the insider facts if paradise and earth that I wanted to learn†(23). This nearby affinity justifies his extreme severe dislike for the beast. There is a responded requirement for help and care among Victor and his family. At the most degraded occasions, nothing â€Å"could have given [him] more noteworthy joy than the appearance of [his] father†(165), showing his requirement for help from his dad. Victor’s care for his family has an ever-enduring job in the novel. This is the thing that drives him towards obliterating his creation. At last, after becoming aware of the passing of William, and ensuing surrounding of Justine, â€Å"[he] was seized by regret and the feeling of blame, which rushed [him] away to a hellfire of exceptional torments, for example, no language can descr ibe†(74). It was this consideration for his family, which drove him to understand the requirement for his affirmation of the nearness of his creation, and stop its being. Comparable to the Frankenstein family’s effect on Victor, the group of cottagers impact the beast. Right off the bat, the beast tries to become like them, despite the fact that the cottagers live in inauspicious and shocking conditions, underlining on the beasts vomited circumstance. As per the beast, â€Å"they had an awesome house (for such it was in my eyes) everyâ luxury†¦and still more, they delighted in one another’s organization and speech†(95,96). This establishes a feeling of compassion for the beast, depicting him as inexperienced and guiltless. This compassion is increased when the beast doesn't fight back to Felix’s assaults. â€Å"I could have torn him appendage from limb†¦but my heart sank inside me†(120). The encounters with the cottagers venture the beasts generosity by passing on his consideration for them. â€Å"I found that in doing this I delivered torment on the cottagers, I abstained†(96). â€Å"I regularly took his tools†¦and brought home terminating adequate for the utilization of a few days†(96). The episodes with the family forcefully remark on keeps an eye on shallowness. While prior, others scorned and reprimanded the beast; Delacey, incapable to see the beast, acknowledges him. On hearing piece of the beasts circumstance, he reacts by saying that, â€Å"To be forlorn is without a doubt to be unfortunate†(118). This underscores on the point that others didn't acknowledge the beast simply because of his threatening appearance, and were reluctant to listen to him. While the Frankenstein family builds up an association between the peruser and Victor, encouraging sentiments of sympathy for his conditions, the group of cottagers do likewise for the beast. The issues dug into by the families are incalculable. While the Frankenstein family embodies the heaviness of keeping colleagues with friends and family, the group of cottagers uncover the shallowness of man, through the occurrence with Delacey and the beast. This adds another point to the novel by prompting compassion in the peruser for the beast. In this way, family in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein show a huge part, both in expansion of plot just as topic. Work refered to †Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York:Pathfinder, 1973.

Letter to the President Essay - 825 Words

Letter to the President (Article Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Professorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Course: Training and Development FieldDate: ÂÂÂLetter to the PresidentDear Mr. President,Thank you, Mr. President, for appointing me as the chairperson of the President's Council on Training and Development for Corporations in the United States. I am pleased to present you with a recommendation plan for training and development of businesses in our country, for you approval.These recommendations are to ensure that all enterprises, both in the private and public sector improve in both trainings and development in various dimensions. Mr. President, I wish to affirm that these plans are in alignment with your administrations strategy and policy on business training and development. I firmly believe that your approval on these recommendations will act as a new introduction to a world-competitive business environment boosting careers, job growth, and wealth prosperity of our beloved nation.In this letter, I ha ve outlined six important components for reflection that we consider fundamental to your business training and development strategy and policy: 1 Increase Training and Development Funding:In the last decade, many businessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ funding for their training and development programs has been declining. Therefore, it has been impossible for the ventures to execute critical developmental agendas and meet their goals in employee training and development. In order for workers in various businesses in our country to remain at a competitive edge, firms should take developing their labor force seriously. They can demonstrate this seriousness through increment in the funding allocation for training and development programs. I firmly believe increase in business development funding will significantly influence change in the running and development of business, for the better, in the next ten years. 1 Training needs assessment:Firms should base their Programs for employee development on th e training and management development needs identified by training needs analysis. As a result, time and money resources devoted to education and development will be aligned to and achieve the core goals of the organizations. The rationale behind training and organizational development programs is to advance employee potential and organizational capabilities. When a business invests in developing the knowledge and dexterity of its workers, the outcome is a more productive and efficient workforce. Therefore, understanding employee-training need is critical as it determines their production potential. 1 Adoption of Employee Management/Leadership Development Training program:Forecast shows business in the USA has been growing at the rate of 4% per annum. Mr. President, since you came into office in the last four years, this trend has been consistent. We expect the creation of 25% new ventures in the whole of the USA if the growth continues at this rate. To make management employees rem ain competitive even as new enterprises open up, we should adopt a new approach to employee training. This new approach should consider empowering employees to become effective managers and leaders in the business world. Therefore, all companies should develop a program that incorporates Employee Business Management/Leadership training. Essentially, the result will be a United States with the world leading economy, benefitting of all Americans at large. 1 Employee Age Considerations:Training and management development programs need to consider that employees in the workplace are adult learners, for them to be effective. Adults need to know the purpose of undertaking particular training. They are self-directed, and they bring work-related experiences into learning-practice. In addition, they train with a problem-centered approach and are motivated to undertake training by both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators. Those involved in education and development of employees will need to lo ok at... Letter to the President Essay - 825 Words Letter to the President (Article Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Professorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Name:Course: Training and Development FieldDate: ÂÂÂLetter to the PresidentDear Mr. President,Thank you, Mr. President, for appointing me as the chairperson of the President's Council on Training and Development for Corporations in the United States. I am pleased to present you with a recommendation plan for training and development of businesses in our country, for you approval.These recommendations are to ensure that all enterprises, both in the private and public sector improve in both trainings and development in various dimensions. Mr. President, I wish to affirm that these plans are in alignment with your administrations strategy and policy on business training and development. I firmly believe that your approval on these recommendations will act as a new introduction to a world-competitive business environment boosting careers, job growth, and wealth prosperity of our beloved nation.In this letter, I ha ve outlined six important components for reflection that we consider fundamental to your business training and development strategy and policy: 1 Increase Training and Development Funding:In the last decade, many businessesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ funding for their training and development programs has been declining. Therefore, it has been impossible for the ventures to execute critical developmental agendas and meet their goals in employee training and development. In order for workers in various businesses in our country to remain at a competitive edge, firms should take developing their labor force seriously. They can demonstrate this seriousness through increment in the funding allocation for training and development programs. I firmly believe increase in business development funding will significantly influence change in the running and development of business, for the better, in the next ten years. 1 Training needs assessment:Firms should base their Programs for employee development on th e training and management development needs identified by training needs analysis. As a result, time and money resources devoted to education and development will be aligned to and achieve the core goals of the organizations. The rationale behind training and organizational development programs is to advance employee potential and organizational capabilities. When a business invests in developing the knowledge and dexterity of its workers, the outcome is a more productive and efficient workforce. Therefore, understanding employee-training need is critical as it determines their production potential. 1 Adoption of Employee Management/Leadership Development Training program:Forecast shows business in the USA has been growing at the rate of 4% per annum. Mr. President, since you came into office in the last four years, this trend has been consistent. We expect the creation of 25% new ventures in the whole of the USA if the growth continues at this rate. To make management employees rem ain competitive even as new enterprises open up, we should adopt a new approach to employee training. This new approach should consider empowering employees to become effective managers and leaders in the business world. Therefore, all companies should develop a program that incorporates Employee Business Management/Leadership training. Essentially, the result will be a United States with the world leading economy, benefitting of all Americans at large. 1 Employee Age Considerations:Training and management development programs need to consider that employees in the workplace are adult learners, for them to be effective. Adults need to know the purpose of undertaking particular training. They are self-directed, and they bring work-related experiences into learning-practice. In addition, they train with a problem-centered approach and are motivated to undertake training by both extrinsic and intrinsic motivators. Those involved in education and development of employees will need to lo ok at...

Fangtooth Fish Facts

Fangtooth fish are part of family Anoplogastridae and mainly thrive in depths between 1,640 and 6,562 feet in temperate and tropical waters. Their genus scientific name, Anoplogaster, is derived from the Greek words meaning unarmed (anoplo) and stomach (gaster). Ironically, fangtooth fish don’t appear unarmed at all due to their disproportionately large jaws and sharp teeth. Fast Facts Scientific Name: Anoplogaster cornuta, Anoplogaster brachyceraCommon Names: Common fangtooth, ogrefish, shorthorn fangtoothOrder: BeryciformesBasic Animal Group: FishDistinguishing Characteristics: Lower jaw that extends outwards with long sharp teethSize: Up to 3 inches (Anoplogaster brachycera) and up to 6-7 inches (Anoplogaster cornuta)Weight: UnknownLife Span: UnknownDiet: Small fish, squid, crustaceansHabitat: In temperate/tropical waters in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans, and off the coast of Australia and the British IslesPopulation: Not documentedConservation Status: Least Concern Description The fangtooth is a small fish with a laterally compressed body. Despite their small size, fangtooths have large heads and disproportionately long sharp teeth. Two sockets have developed on the sides of their brains to make room for the teeth when their jaws close. Large teeth enable the fangtooth to kill fish much larger than itself. Common fangtooth, Anoplogaster cornuta, on ice. Anette Andersen/iStock/Getty Images Plus Fangtooth fish colors range from black to dark brown as adults and are light gray when young. Their bodies are covered with prickly scales and spines. They can be found at depths anywhere from 6 feet to 15,000 feet but are most commonly found between 1,640 and 6,562 feet. When fangtooth are young, they tend to live in shallower depths. Habitat and Distribution The common fangtooth is found around the world in temperate marine waters. This includes the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, appearing off the waters of Australia and from the central to Southern British Isles. The shorthorn fangtooth lives in tropical waters from the western Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico to the western Atlantic. Diet and Behavior The fangtooth is a carnivorous and highly mobile fish, feeding on small fish, shrimp, and squid. When they are young, they filter zooplankton from the water and migrate closer to the surface at night to feed on crustaceans. Adults either hunt alone or in schools. Unlike other predators that ambush their prey, fangtooth fish actively seek out food. Fangtooth Fish (Anoplogaster cornuta) close-up of head showing teeth, from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. David Shale / Getty Images Their large heads allow them to swallow most prey whole, eating fish one-third their size. When fangtooths’ mouths are full, they can not pump water over their gills as efficiently. Thus, they produce large gaps between their gills and use their pectoral fins to fan water over their gills from behind. To find prey, fangtooths have lateral lines along each side of their bodies, which are important for detecting changes in temperature and movements of potential prey. They also rely on contact chemoreception, where they find prey by bumping into them. Reproduction and Offspring Not much is known about fangtooth fish reproduction, but they generally reach reproductive maturity at 5 inches for the common fangtooth. From June to August, males will latch on to females with their jaws and fertilize the eggs the females release into the ocean. Fangtooth fish do not guard their eggs, so these young are on their own. As they grow, they descend to deeper depths. As larvae, they appear close to the surface and by the time they are adults, they may be swimming at depths of up to 15,000 feet. Overlapping of depth and habitats occurs across stages of maturity. Species Fangtooth (Anoplogaster cornuta), illustrated view of a deep sea fish with a small body and disproportionately large head, and large teeth. Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images There are two known species: Anoplogaster cornuta (the common fangtooth) and Anoplogaster brachycera (shorthorn fangtooth). Shorthorn fangtooth fish are even smaller than common fangtooth fish, reaching sizes of just short of 3 inches. They are most commonly found at depths between 1,640 and 6,500 feet. Conservation Status The common fangtooth is designated as least concern according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list, while the shorthorn fangtooth has not been assessed by the IUCN. Due to their appearance, they do not have any commercial value. Sources Baidya, Sankalan. 20 Interesting Fangtooth Facts. Facts Legend, 2014, https://factslegend.org/20-interesting-fangtooth-facts/. Common Fangtooth. British Sea Fishing, https://britishseafishing.co.uk/common-fangtooth/.Common Fangtooth. Oceana, https://oceana.org/marine-life/ocean-fishes/common-fangtooth.ï » ¿Iwamoto, T. Anoplogaster Cornuta. The IUCN Red List Of Threatened Species, 2015, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18123960/21910070#population.Malhotra, Rishi. Anoplogaster Cornuta. Animal Diversity Web, 2011, https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Anoplogaster_cornuta/.McGrouther, Mark. Fangtooth, Anoplogaster Cornuta (Valenciennes, 1833). The Australian Museum, 2019, https://australianmuseum.net.au/learn/animals/fishes/fangtooth-anoplogaster-cornuta-valenciennes-1833/.

Stackelberg Game for Joint Power and Bandwidth Allocations...

Amplify and forward cooperative communication scheme is modeled using Stackelberg market framework, where a relay is willing to sell its resources; power and bandwidth to multi-user in the system in order to maximize its revenue. The relay determines the prices for relaying users’ information depending on its available resources and the users’ demands. Subsequently, each user maximizes its own utility function by determining the optimum power and the optimum bandwidth to buy from the relay. The utility function of the user is formulated as a joint concave function of the power and the bandwidth. The existence and the uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium is investigated using the exact potential game associated with the proposed utility†¦show more content†¦The relay re-encodes the decoded message and then forwards it to the destination node [5]–[7]. The authors in [3], developed performance characterizations in terms of the outage events and the associated outage probabilities. The average symbol error probability (SEP) of cooperative system is used to analyze the performance for various systems and channel models [7]. Single and multiple relay selection were investigated, and several SNR sub-optimum multiple relay selection schemes with linear complexity in the number of the relays were proposed in [8]. Game theory is a powerful tool to study interaction among self interested users, it is most used in economics, operations research, political science, etc. [9]. In communication systems and networks game theory has been recently used extensively to model routing, flow control and power control in up-link CDMA systems, etc. [10]– [14]. Conditions for the existence and the uniqueness of an equilibrium for these models are investigated using the characteristics of the utility function (i.e., quasi-concave utility function guarantees the existence of Nash equilibrium [15], the set of pure Nash equilibria of a S-modular game is always non-empty, and the Nash set has a largest and smallest element [16]. Every finite potential game admits at least one Nash equilibrium, whereas for infinite potential games, sufficient

Management Of Lenovo Organization Free Sample

Question: Brief discussion about Lenovo and its vision, mission, strategies? Answer: Intoduction This report is having a brief discussion about Lenovo and its vision, mission, strategies. There is also a discussion about the leadership style adopted in Lenovo, different communication strategy used in Lenovo. Organizational culture of Lenovo is also discussed with the help of five P's i.e. Plan, perform, prioritize, practice and pioneer. The main focus point of this report is organizational culture and different types of communication which is used within Lenovo premises. This report shows how Lenovo deals with their employees and customers. There is a description of Lenovo vision and mission on which they work (Lenovo.com, 2015). About Lenovo Lenovo is worldwide famous company of its innovative PCs, mobile and internet devices. Among 500 famous companies in technological products manufacturing Lenovo is one of the largest companies in PC retailing and 4th ranked in smart phones section (Russellreynolds.com, 2015). Lenovo has an older history but it came into existence in 2004.The main focus of Lenovo is to deliver their customers what they want in technology, appearance of any electronic product. Lenovo is a company which works taking into consideration their employees, as well as their customers (Lenovo.com, 2015). Lenovo always focuses on innovation i.e. every product of Lenovo is having some changes in comparison of other product. The value on which Lenovo works is innovation i.e. Lenovo likes innovating their product as per present market requirement and their customers' needs and demand (Russellreynolds.com, 2015). Lenovo after getting great success in Chinese electronic market decided to expand their business in Asi an, European and American electronic markets (Agtmael, 2007).Every product of Lenovo produces different revenue of percentage which helps in company's profit income. Lenovo performance varies in every region i.e. the profit share of Lenovo in China is different from profit share of it's in Asia Pacific. Figure1: Lenovo PC share in 4 different regions Figure 1 shows the performance of Lenovo in different regions i.e. the Lenovo performance geography. In the above diagram EMEA stands for Europe Middle East Africa, AP is Asia Pacific, and AG is America. Lenovo performance vary in all these region has their customer choice, needs and demand depend on geographical factor. According to the report An exciting notebook: The Lenovo T440s [From the Screen of Stone], 2014) Lenovo in the end of financial year( FY) 2013 have highest market share in all the four geographical areas as Asia Pacific, Europe Middle East Africa and China. Figure 1 shows the market share of Lenovo PCs in the financial year (FY) in 2013 and 2014. Figure 2: Revenue of Lenovo Figure 2 shows the total revenue of Lenovo in the financial year 2012, 2013 and 2014. The revenue generated by Lenovo is calculated by taking into consideration all the products profit share and market share in four regions (An exciting notebook: The Lenovo T440s [From the Screen of Stone], 2014). Figure 2 shows total revenue of Lenovo in different market. Figure 3: Lenovo revenue from different products Figure 3 represents the revenue generated by Lenovo in their different products sections. According to ((Anon, 2015)) Lenovo in fiscal year 2013-14 attained good growth in shipment of PCs and mobile devices. The revenue generated by Lenovo all products are different from each other. By the above diagram, it is clear that the highest revenue generated is by Lenovo notebook and their desktops. Lenovo Background, description of Lenovo Mission, Vision and strategies Lenovo is a multinational company Chinese based who manufactures computer technology related products like PCs, tablets, smartphones, smart TV, workstations, computer servers, different computer related software, notebook, note PAD and etc(Russellreynolds.com, 2015). The main products manufactured by Lenovo are electronic and computer related software as well as hardware. Lenovo was founded in 1984 by Liu Chuanzhi in China but after few years company become worldwide famous for its electronic and computer products. Recently by a survey (BIEDIGER et al., 2005) it was found that Lenovo is the first, and the largest company in PC selling more in than 160 countries Lenovo have their customers. The main focus of Lenovo for their business is innovation. According to Chianasat and Wijaya (n.d.), the electronic or computer products are developed by them are always having something new which their customer will appreciate and like using. The plus point which makes Lenovo different from other same field companies is their innovation strategy, excellence in their operational, their strong channel of working and the brand image (BIEDIGER et al., 2005). The competitors present in the market of Lenovo are Apple Inc., Samsung Electronics Co., Sony Corporation, HP, Dell Inc. etc., (De Waal, 2011).Lenovo has a strong bonding with their enterprise customers and business partners which help in getting success to them. Mission statement of Lenovo defines their objective and aim for which they work. The main motive of Lenovo is to achieve the highest rank in computer technology field. Mission statement represents the goals of Lenovo, principle on which Lenovo works to achieve their objective and aim (lenbrzozowski, 2012). Mission statement of Lenovo aims to show their customers what they plan to achieve and what they have aimed to take into consideration their customers (Chianasta and Wijaya, n.d.). While deciding mission statement, Lenovo always considers their customers feedback. Vision statement of Lenovo represents their future planning to their customers. Vision statement is based on long term planning for achieving success. Vision statement helps their customer know how they are working i.e. their organizational culture and strategies which will be adopted by Lenovo to fulfill their customers demand and needs (De Waal, 2011). Vision statement of Lenovo shows that they have planned to develop more electronic and computer products which people will like buying. Every product of Lenovo will be new in technology and appearance so that people are automatically influenced to buy their product (De Waal, 2012). Lenovo has also decided to work according to their customers demand and needs. Lenovo has adopted different strategies for marketing, promoting, advertising their products. As per the market requirement all these strategies will be planned, every market have different practice and culture (lenbrzozowski, 2012). Lenovo always focuses on innovation i.e. they try to make changes in their every new product in comparison of old products and other competitors' product. Mission, vision, and strategies are decided by every organization prior to their working (Haberberg and Rieple, 2001). This helps in planning further planning i.e. how to implement strategies for achieving their decided objective and aim. Leadership style in Lenovo According to De Waal (2012), the leadership style followed in Lenovo is not selfish i.e. the leaders of the company do not only focus on company's profit but they also think about their people (employees, customers, stakeholders etc) who are connected with Lenovo (IBM Redbooks., 2014). As per the leadership style of Gerry Smith, while making innovations in their products, Lenovo analyze their customers' requirement and needs with prioritization. On the other hand, while making changes in house i.e. in company's policies or practice they think about their employees' welfare. There is an incident which describes the unselfishness nature of Lenovo (lenbrzozowski, 2012) leaders is as the company once has earned a profit which he decided to distribute among the junior level employees which impacted the working environment in positive nature i.e. employees felt that they are the part of organization and on the other hand junior level employees were motivated to perform better than their pr evious performance (An exciting notebook: The Lenovo T440s [From the Screen of Stone], 2014). As per the leadership style of Gerry Smith, Lenovo leaders believes in achieving success by motivating everyone to perform in a team not individually for achieving goal (IBM Redbooks., 2014). The organization is motivating their employees by giving different rewards or bonus and other facilities. Lenovo Leaders also believe the leadership style of Gerry Smith, who says there needs to create a situation or condition which influence them to work rather than forcing them for working. The situation will help them to find a best solution for the problem which will automatically help organization. According to HQAsia (2015), Lenovo working style and leadership style is different from other Chinese organization which is the reason for success of Lenovo in such a short period. According to Gerry Smith, leader in any organization are the people or group of people who influence or motivate other subo rdinates to work according to the principles of the organization (Russellreynolds.com, 2015). Moreover, Gerry Smith also believes that leaders also help the organization in achieving their aim and objectives whether it is long term objective or short term objective (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Leaders' good coordination with their subordinates makes Lenovo achieves a benchmark in electronic and computer technology field. Figure4: Leadership challenges in Lenovo There are different challenges which company leaders has to face today that is described in figure 4 (Glassdoor, 2015). Challenges faced by the different leader of Lenovo due to; Board composition Succession Planning Executive Recruitment External and internal talent benchmarking Evaluation and assessment of organizational culture Intercultural or multi culture integration program. Every organization has to undergo the process of succession planning, recruitment and selection of junior level, senior level and executive level(Yin et al., 2008). While planning these programs leaders of Lenovo has to consider their internal and external factors i.e. organizational culture, working style, working environment, requirement of the company in relation to technology, skills etc. Communication strategy followed in Lenovo The communication styles which are used in Lenovo are formal communication and interpersonal communication. Communication is used for interchanging the ideas, views with each other. For a proper communication there should be a sender who speaks, a receiver which listens to speaker and the main part is feedback which is given at the last of communication (Wave Sicherheitstechnologie fr Lenovo-Computer, 2012). Formal communication usually happens in offices or among professional where both speaker and listen are from the same profession or different. Formal communication in Lenovo Formal communication in Lenovo is done for exchanging official information among the profession. For example suppose in Lenovo Manger of technical team wants to convey his subordinates a message then the communication process used by him will be formal (Tzeng, 2011). The flow of information is from upward to downward i.e. from higher level managers to junior level manager or employees or vice versa. Figure 5: Types of formal communication done in Lenovo The flow of information in formal communication is in controlled manner i.e. no personal information can be exchanged. Lenovo performs formal communication in different from like written and verbally or oral. As explained in figure 5 the written message can be conveyed in the form of letters, electronic mail, blog, notices, bulletins, memos etc. The verbal, formal communication is done by presentations, speeches, conferences etc(An exciting notebook: The Lenovo T440s [From the Screen of Stone], 2014). The controlled flow of information makes formal communication a hurdle free communication (Teasley, 2010). Formal communication in Lenovo is used to make a proper channel-based communication by which information is exchanged with everyone. Figure 6: Formal communication in Lenovo Formal communication can be done in Lenovo by the help of presentation, documentation or in any other written form. In Lenovo formal communication is two ways upward and downward i.e. when top level managers have to convey their message to down level employees the message convey instructions, directives, policies and working practices but on the other hand, when low-level employees send any message to top level manager it is information regarding work or organization (IBM Redbooks., 2014). Formal communication in Lenovo is done to pass their policies and practices details to everyone. For example, CEO of Lenovo has to transfer any information regarding their new policies or any changes in policies regarding their employees then the flow of information will be from upward to downward without any breakage of information so that every level of employees receives the same information (Stone, 2010). So this flow of information is formal communication style of Lenovo. Interpersonal communication in LenovoInterpersonal communication is the interchanging process of information among two or more people in Lenovo. When directly or indirectly two or group of people is exchanging their views or thoughts it is interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication can upward, downward, horizontal and peer to peer (IBM Redbooks., 2014). For example, suppose two or group of twenty junior level employees are exchanging their views and thoughts regarding their work, this interchange process of information are interpersonal communication (Jurevicius, 2015). Interpersonal communication can be done by electronic device or social networking or face to face verbally (Small Business - Chron.com, 2015). Interpersonal communication helps people know each other (Sharma, 2010). When peers have interpersonal communication among themselves that help to build good coordination and strengthen their communication. Interpersonal communication helps in building teamwork an d coordination among the employees of Lenovo. Now days Lenovo organization has adopted a new technique for advertising i.e. social media. Lenovo believes in adoption strategy i.e. making changes and accepting the new thing properly. It is found in a survey (Haberberg and Rieple, 2001) that people are more believing on advertisement which is shown on social networking sites like Facebook etc, in comparison of television or hoarding method. Lenovo is having a separate department of social networking advertisement whose responsibility is to update the technology and advertisement on different social media. According to Lenovo (HQAsia, 2015) customer beliefs regarding advertisement style has been changed i.e. from television, hoarding method to social media advertisement. Lenovo adopted social media promotion and advertisement method for their new product and services so that everyone worldwide com to know about their product easily and completely. Organizational culture of Lenovo Organizational culture represents the way or style of working of Lenovo. Organizational culture shows their customers how Lenovo works daily and also there planning for achieving their objective and aims (Russellreynolds.com, 2015). The main focus of Lenovo organizational culture is based on five P's which are as mentioned below: P Plan P Perform P Prioritize P Practice P Pioneer Every P is having their own important and responsibility in Lenovo culture. First p stand for plan before starting any new task Lenovo decides their target, aim for which they will work. Planning helps Lenovo employees work step by step by which working environment will always be motivational for other subordinates. If Lenovo managers or senior level employees do not plan working process, then the subordinates will be unaware of their roles and responsibilities which can affect the profit of Lenovo (IBM Redbooks., 2014). The second P stand for performing i.e. as per the planning every employee will be given a set of responsibilities which will help in achieving objective as a team. Responsibilities should be distributed to everyone according to their skills and knowledge which have to examine by leaders of the team. Third P stand for Prioritize which explains every employee of Lenovo whether it is the senior level or junior level that they should work in a team considering their orga nization profit or their individual profit first. Priority list has to be discussed by leader or manager with their subordinates before beginning their work so that they work for Lenovo or their individual profit (Rossouw, 2005). Fourth P explains the practice which is performed in Lenovo by their employees. The practice or process, which group or team of Lenovo performs to achieve the common goal to increase Lenovo profit. Last P explains the pioneering process i.e. Lenovo welcomes the new ideas by their employees regarding their task which they are doing (Jurevicius, 2015). Lenovo believes in new ideas or innovation whether it is in their products or in-house policies. Lenovo culture defines the way of working for their customers and employees. Lenovo culture has helped them to achieve success in their field and win several award for their product and services (Kaul, 2012). Lenovo works for their people, and the people are their employees and their customers. By giving their employees different rewards for their performance they motivate them to work better and think creatively. Lenovo creates policies and practices which help in welfare of their employees. Lenovo always focuses on innovation which their customers want in their computer product and services (lenbrzozowski, 2012). Lenovo biggest strength is their innovation which they always do as per requirement of their customers and electronic market. Lenovo policies motivate their employees to perform in a team and sharpen their skills, knowledge. Conclusion The report is having a brief discussion about their mission, vision, strategies, leadership style, communication style or channel and the organizational culture of Lenovo. Lenovo is one of the fastest grown Chinese multinational Company. The main products of Lenovo are PCs, notebook, tablets, mobile devices, servers and other electronic and computer software and hardware. Lenovo mainly uses the formal and interpersonal communication method of communication for proper flow of information (Lenovo.com, 2015). The main reason Lenovo uses formal and interpersonal communications are as mentioned below: To maintain roles and responsibilities of all employees' i.e. senior level, lower level, and others. 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